Oscar Nominations 2020: The Complete List

Todd Phillips’ “Joker,” a comic-book origin story about Batman’s biggest foe, scored a leading 11 Oscar nominations on Monday, including best picture, best director for Phillips and best actor for Joaquin Phoenix.

Martin Scorsese’s mob epic “The Irishman,” Quentin Tarantino’s ode to Los Angeles “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood” and Sam Mendes’ war drama “1917” followed close behind with 10 nods a piece. Those films, along with “Ford v Ferrari,” “Jojo Rabbit,” “Little Women,” “Marriage Story” and “Parasite” will compete for best picture.

Female filmmakers were entirely shut out of the best director race. Along with Phillips, the nominees include Scorsese for “The Irishman,” Mendes for “1917,” Tarantino for “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood” and Bong Joon Ho for “Parasite.”

The Academy Awards will air live Feb. 9 on ABC.

Here is the full list of 2020 Oscar nominations:

Best Picture:

“Ford v Ferrari”

“The Irishman”

“Jojo Rabbit”

“Joker”

“Little Women”

“Marriage Story”

“1917”

“Once Upon a Time in Hollywood”

“Parasite”

Lead Actor:

Antonio Banderas, “Pain and Glory”

Leonardo DiCaprio, “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood”

Adam Driver, “Marriage Story”

Joaquin Phoenix, “Joker”

Jonathan Pryce, “The Two Popes”

Lead Actress:

Cynthia Erivo, “Harriet”

Scarlett Johansson, “Marriage Story”

Saoirse Ronan, “Little Women”

Charlize Theron, “Bombshell”

Renee Zellweger, “Judy”

Supporting Actor:

Tom Hanks, “A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood”

Anthony Hopkins, “The Two Popes”

Al Pacino, “The Irishman”

Joe Pesci, “The Irishman”

Brad Pitt, “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood”

Supporting Actress:

Kathy Bates, “Richard Jewell”

Laura Dern, “Marriage Story”

Scarlett Johansson, “Jojo Rabbit”

Florence Pugh, “Little Women”

Margot Robbie, “Bombshell”

Director:

Martin Scorsese, “The Irishman”

Todd Phillips, “Joker”

Sam Mendes, “1917”

Quentin Tarantino, “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood”

Bong Joon Ho, “Parasite”

Animated Feature:

“How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World,” Dean DeBlois

“I Lost My Body,” Jeremy Clapin

“Klaus,” Sergio Pablos

“Missing Link,” Chris Butler

“Toy Story 4,”  Josh Cooley

Animated Short:

“Dcera,” Daria Kashcheeva

“Hair Love,” Matthew A. Cherry

“Kitbull,” Rosana Sullivan

“Memorable,” Bruno Collet

“Sister,” Siqi Song

Adapted Screenplay:

“The Irishman,” Steven Zaillian

“Jojo Rabbit,” Taika Waititi

“Joker,” Todd Phillips, Scott Silver

“Little Women,” Greta Gerwig

“The Two Popes,” Anthony McCarten

Original Screenplay:

“Knives Out,” Rian Johnson

“Marriage Story,” Noah Baumbach

“1917,” Sam Mendes and Krysty Wilson-Cairns

“Once Upon a Time in Hollywood,” Quentin Tarantino

“Parasite,” Bong Joon-ho, Jin Won Han

Cinematography:

“The Irishman,” Rodrigo Prieto

“Joker,” Lawrence Sher

“The Lighthouse,” Jarin Blaschke

“1917,” Roger Deakins

“Once Upon a Time in Hollywood,” Robert Richardson

Best Documentary Feature:

“American Factory,” Julia Rieichert, Steven Bognar

“The Cave,” Feras Fayyad

“The Edge of Democracy,” Petra Costa

“For Sama,” Waad Al-Kateab, Edward Watts

“Honeyland,” Tamara Kotevska, Ljubo Stefanov

Best Documentary Short Subject:

“In the Absence,” Yi Seung-Jun and Gary Byung-Seok Kam

“Learning to Skateboard in a Warzone,” Carol Dysinger

“Life Overtakes Me,” Kristine Samuelson and John Haptas

“St. Louis Superman,” Smriti Mundhra and Sami Khan

“Walk Run Cha-Cha,” Laura Nix

Best Live Action Short Film:

“Brotherhood,” Meryam Joobeur

“Nefta Football Club,” Yves Piat

“The Neighbors’ Window,” Marshall Curry

“Saria,” Bryan Buckley

“A Sister,” Delphine Girard

Best International Feature Film:

“Corpus Christi,” Jan Komasa

“Honeyland,” Tamara Kotevska, Ljubo Stefanov

“Les Miserables,” Ladj Ly

“Pain and Glory,” Pedro Almodovar

“Parasite,” Bong Joon Ho

Film Editing:

“Ford v Ferrari,” Michael McCusker, Andrew Buckland

“The Irishman,” Thelma Schoonmaker

“Jojo Rabbit,” Tom Eagles

“Joker,” Jeff Groth

“Parasite,” Jinmo Yang

Sound Editing:

“Ford v Ferrari,” Don Sylvester

“Joker,” Alan Robert Murray

“1917,” Oliver Tarney, Rachel Tate

“Once Upon a Time in Hollywood,” Wylie Stateman

“Star Wars: The Rise of SkyWalker,” Matthew Wood, David Acord

Sound Mixing:

“Ad Astra”

“Ford v Ferrari”

“Joker”

“1917”

“Once Upon a Time in Hollywood”

Production Design:

“The Irishman,” Bob Shaw and Regina Graves

“Jojo Rabbit,” Ra Vincent and Nora Sopkova

“1917,” Dennis Gassner and Lee Sandales

“Once Upon a Time in Hollywood,” Barbara Ling and Nancy Haigh

“Parasite,” Lee Ha-Jun and Cho Won Woo, Han Ga Ram, and Cho Hee

Original Score:

“Joker,” Hildur Guðnadóttir

“Little Women,” Alexandre Desplat

“Marriage Story,” Randy Newman

“1917,” Thomas Newman

“Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker,” John Williams

Original Song:

“I Can’t Let You Throw Yourself Away,” “Toy Story 4”

“I’m Gonna Love Me Again,” “Rocketman”

“I’m Standing With You,” “Breakthrough”

“Into the Unknown,” “Frozen 2”

“Stand Up,” “Harriet”

Makeup and Hair:

“Bombshell”

“Joker”

“Judy”

“Maleficent: Mistress of Evil”

“1917”

Costume Design:

”The Irishman,” Sandy Powell, Christopher Peterson

“Jojo Rabbit,” Mayes C. Rubeo

“Joker,” Mark Bridges

“Little Women,” Jacqueline Durran

“Once Upon a Time in Hollywood,” Arianne Phillips

Visual Effects:

“Avengers Endgame”

“The Irishman”

“1917”

“The Lion King”

“Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker”

Sumber: https://variety.com/2020/film/news/2020-oscar-nominations-list-academy-awards-nominees-1203461985/

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The 14 English Punctuation Marks With Examples

Do you know how to use punctuation marks correctly in English? While some might seem straightforward, you may come across punctuation marks that you’re unsure about … so this post is designed to serve as a handy reference. 

You’ll find “further reading” suggestions for each punctuation mark, if you want to explore it in more detail.

Note: We’re going to focus on American English punctuation, but when there’s a difference in British English usage, I’ll explain that too.

Punctuation Marks That End Sentences

#1: Period

This is the first punctuation mark that children learn: the period (or, if you’re British, “full stop”) at the end of a sentence.

Sarah ran to school.

It’s also used after (and sometimes in) many abbreviations:

Mrs. Jones waved to Sarah.

Some employees, e.g. receptionists, need to work set hours.

Note, however, that British English normally omits the period after Mr, Mrs,  and Ms. 

Further Reading:

One or Two Spaces After a Period?

Simple sentences, period.

Punctuation Review #2: Honorifics

#2: Question Mark

If a sentence poses a direct question, it should end with a question mark.

Did you remember to buy milk?

How much do I owe you?

Is this the right way to the park?

Further Reading:

The Question Mark

When Is a Question Not a Question?

#3: Exclamation Point

The exclamation point (or “exclamation mark” in British English) is used to add emphasis or to indicate that words are being spoken in excitement, surprise, or alarm.

I just heard the news – congratulations!

“Oh no!” She stared at the mess in dismay. 

Exclamation points are not normally appropriate in formal writing, such as academic essays or business reports. You should only use one exclamation point unless you’re writing something very informal (such as a text message to a friend).

Further Reading:

Multiple Points of Exclamation!!

A Guide to Terminal Punctuation 

Punctuation Marks Within Sentences

#4: Comma

Commas can be used in a number of ways, including to separate elements of a sentence, or to separate items in a list.

They’re used after a subordinate clause at the start of a sentence:

After the play, we went for dinner.

They’re also used to separate items in a list:

Peter found a marble, a button, and a piece of string.

Commas can also be used within large numbers to make them easier to read:

I had $1,500 to spend on a holiday.

Note that commas aren’t used when giving a year in numerals: it’s 2019 nor 2,019.

Further Reading:

When to Use a Comma: 10 Rules and Examples

A Comma (or Its Absence) Can Change a Sentence’s Message

5 Sentences in Need of Commas

The Rationale for the Serial Comma

#5: Colon

A colon can be used to introduce an example or series of items, or to join two independent clauses (where the second clause explains the first). It can also be used to introduce a quotation, though it isn’t always the best choice of punctuation mark for that.

For the school trip, please bring:

• A water bottle

• A sun hat

• Some spending money

I went home: there was no point staying after Sally had gone.

Further Reading:

When to Use a Colon: Rules and Examples

Pesky Colons and Semicolons

Quotations with Colons

#6: Semicolon

The semicolon (sometimes written as semi-colon) is used to join together two independent clauses that could otherwise stand as independent sentences. Both these examples are grammatically correct:

My friends caught the bus without me. I was left standing around on my own.

My friends caught the bus without me; I was left standing around on my own.

Semicolons can also be used in place of commas in a list that has commas within the list items. For instance:

I plan to visit: France, where I’ll see the Eiffel Tower;England, where I’ll see Buckingham Palace; and Germany, where I’ll see Neuschwanstein Castle.

Further Reading:

Proper Use of The Semicolon

3 Examples of How Semicolons Strengthen a Sentence

#7: Dash

The dash (not to be confused with the hyphen) is a handy punctuation mark that can often be used to replace parentheses or a colon. For instance:

The girl rose her hand (tentatively). 

The girl rose her hand—tentatively. 

It can also be used to indicate an interruption (e.g. in dialogue).

There are two types of dash:

The en-dash: –

The em-dash: —

In American English, the em-dash is normally used in sentences, as in the example above. The en-dash is used to indicate a span of time or a range of numbers:

From 2012–2014, I was at university.

Some publications, such as the Guardian, use the en-dash in place of the em-dash. If you do this, you should put spaces around the en-dash.

Further Reading:

How to Use Dashes

A Guide to Hyphens and Dashes

#8: Quotation Marks

Quotation marks enclose words that are a direct quotation. They’re used around dialogue, like this:

John said, “What’s the matter with you?”

Martin sighed. “You know what’s the matter.”

Quotation marks are always used in pairs. They can be double or single: double is more common in American English and single in British English. Quotes within quotes should use the alternative type of quotation mark:

Martin said, “When I saw Amy, she told me, ‘That’s it, we’re done.’ Do you think she really meant it?”

Further Reading:

All About Quotation Marks

5 Functions of Quotation Marks

Punctuation Errors: Quotation Marks for Emphasis

#9: Ellipsis

The ellipsis is used to indicate a pause or gap:

I wanted to make it up to her… eventually. 

It can also be used within quotations to indicate missing words, which is useful when you want to shorten a long quotation.

The ellipsis should always consist of three dots – don’t put five or six for emphasis, except in the most informal writing.

Further Reading:

The Elusive Ellipsis

All About Ellipses

In Search of a 4-Dot Ellipsis

#10: Parentheses

Parentheses are used for asides and clarifying information, like this:

She was his sister (from his father’s first marriage).

In most cases, you can replace parentheses with a comma without changing the meaning. If a sentence ends with the parentheses, the period (or question mark or exclamation mark) should go outside the parentheses, unless they enclose the whole sentence.

In British English, parentheses are called brackets.

Further Reading:

15 Purposes for Parentheses

#11: Brackets

Brackets are normally used to add clarity to a sentence, such as when you’re quoting someone. They indicate the addition of your words rather than the words of the person you’re quoting. For instance:

As John Smith writes, “[Winter] is a wonderful time of year, where everything lies in wait for the new life of Spring.”

In British English, these are called square brackets.

Further Reading:

A Complete Guide to Parentheses and Brackets

#12: Braces

Braces are rarely used outside mathematical expressions and computer programming, where they keep elements together. Here’s an example:

img.emoji {

display: inline !important;

border: none !important;

}

Punctuation Marks Within Words

#13: Apostrophe

The apostrophe has two main purposes: to indicate a possessive, and to indicate a missing letter. It’s used within words, like this:

Sam’s cake was much nicer than the one Tom made.

I don’t have time to get involved.

Be careful not to use apostrophes in plurals, and watch out for words that are easily confused, like “its” (belonging to it) and “it’s” (short for “it is”). 

Further Reading:

Functions of the Apostrophe

Punctuation Errors: Apostrophe for Plurals

The Singular Possessive Apostrophe

#14: Hyphen

The hyphen joins two (sometimes more) words together into a compound word. For instance:

He studies eighteenth–century literature.

We want to foster our students’ self–confidence. 

I get on very well with my mother–in–law.

It can be tricky to know which words should use a hyphen and which don’t, especially as usage tends to change over time. The word e-mail is now more often written email, for instance. A grammar checker like ProWritingAid or Grammarly can help, or you can search on Google to see how the word tends to be written by others.

Further Reading:

Hyphens Guide: Functions and Examples

5 Tips to Understand Hyphenated Words

—

Punctuation might seem tricky, and the rules can sometimes seem confusing. The main thing to remember is that punctuation exists to help make your meaning clear. 

By using punctuation marks correctly, you ensure that what you’ve written is easy for your readers to understand. If you’re struggling with any of these punctuation marks, take a look at the further reading suggestions for extra guidance … or dig through the Punctuation archive of articles for lots more help. 

Sumber: https://www.dailywritingtips.com/14-english-punctuation-marks/

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5 Problems with Parenthesis

Parenthesis is the strategy of setting a word, phrase, or clause off from a sentence to interject additional information into that statement. Despite the name, parenthesis can be accomplished with two commas or a pair of dashes as well as with a brace of parentheses. However, several problems can occur when writers attempt to parenthesize: The punctuation employed is not appropriate, the parenthesis is not framed with complementary punctuation, the parenthesis is misplaced in the sentence, the inclusion of the parenthesis is grammatically faulty, or what appears to be a parenthetical element is in fact something else. The following sentences illustrate these five problems respectively.

1. He took it from me, stole it, really, years ago.

Really is a parenthesis subordinate to “stole it” (a parenthesis can follow rather than interrupt the phrase or clause it supplements), and “stole it, really” is a parenthesis subordinate to “He took it from me years ago,” so a hierarchy of punctuation should be employed to clarify the sentence organization. Because dashes are more emphatic than commas, they should assume the major parenthetical role; the comma separating “stole it” and really remains as a marker of the secondary parenthesis: “He took it from me—stole it, really—years ago.”

2. Extra money and facilities must be focused on, not away from the disadvantaged.

The writer intended “Extra money and facilities must be focused on the disadvantaged” to be the main clause, with “not away from” as the parenthesis, but the second of a tandem team of punctuation marks is missing: “Extra money and facilities must be focused on, not away from, the disadvantaged.” (Often, a main clause or a parenthesis also lacks one or more words because the writer failed to be vigilant about making the two sentence elements complementary, rendering the sentence grammatically flawed; search for “interpolated coordination” on this site for posts about this related issue.)

3. Attacks relating to phishing fraud attempts have been very common in recent times (e.g., someone posing as an organization’s CEO emails its chief financial officer to request an urgent payment transfer).

A parenthesis should be directly adjacent to the element of the sentence it pertains to. This parenthesis relates to “attacks relating to fraud attempts,” not to “recent times,” so it should immediately follow the former phrase: “Attacks relating to phishing fraud attempts (e.g., someone posing as an organization’s CEO emails its chief financial officer to request an urgent payment transfer) have been very common in recent times.”

4. The financial services industry has raised concerns related to the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection’s (BCFP) authority to take action against financial institutions.

When using a term that will be subsequently referred to by an acronym or initialism, introduce the abbreviation in parentheses immediately following the spelled-out term. However, avoid doing so when using the term possessively and following the parenthesis with a noun that is a referent of the possessive; recast the sentence so that the possessive form of the term is not employed: “The financial services industry has raised concerns related to the authority of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (BCFP) to take action against financial institutions.”

5. But the battle has not been lost—the battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve—as one door closes, another is opened.

This sentence is punctuated as if “the battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve” is a parenthetical statement interrupting the framing sentence, but the statement that remains when the parenthesis is omitted is “But the battle has not been lost[;] as one door closes, another is opened.” The resulting sentence makes sense, but when the omitted phrase is reinserted, the final clause reads as if it is an offshoot of the reinstated phrase, rather than a parenthetical phrase interrupting the two clauses. In other words, this sentence’s syntax does not support a parenthetical phrase.

Each dash, by itself, correctly signals that a shift in syntax is imminent (another function of the dash besides parenthesis), but so that the two dashes are not misinterpreted as bracketing a parenthetical comment, another punctuation mark should replace one dash or the other; any of the following solutions are suitable:

A. “But the battle has not been lost—the battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve; as one door closes, another is opened.”
B. “But the battle has not been lost—the battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve. As one door closes, another is opened.”
C. “But the battle has not been lost: The battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve—as one door closes, another is opened.”
D. “But the battle has not been lost. The battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve—as one door closes, another is opened.”

Any of these revisions will resolve the issue; I prefer either of the two that result in two sentences: examples B or D.

Sumber: https://www.dailywritingtips.com/5-problems-with-parenthesis/

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